PASSIVE COMPONENTS
Passive Components cannot control the flow of current through them i.e. they cannot introduce energy in to the circuit but can increase or decrease voltage and current.
These components don’t depend on the energy source for their operation.Two terminal components like Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors and transformers are examples of Passive Components.
Resistors
The basic of all electronic components are the Resistors. It is a passive electronic components that introduces electrical resistance in to the circuit. Using resistors, we can reduce the current, divide voltages, setup biasing of transistors (or other active elements), etc.
A resistor is a two-terminal passive electronics component, used to oppose or limit the current. Resistor works based on the principle of Ohm’s law which states that “voltage applied across the terminals of a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it”
V=IR
The units of the resistance are ohms
Where R is the constant called resistance
The mathematical representation of Ohm’s Law is I = V/R.
Resistors are further classified based on the following specifications such as the power rating, type of material used, and resistance value. These resistor types are used for different applications.
Ohm’s Law defines the behavior of a resistor which states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across the conductor. The proportionality constant is called as Resistance.
Read: Introduction To Resistors.
Different types of resistors can be defined according to their function,size,characteristicsetc.Resistors are divided in to Fixed Resistors and Variable Resistors.
· Fixed Resistors, as the name suggests, have a fixed resistance and its resistance doesn’t change due to external parameters.
· Variable Resistors, on the other hand, have a variable resistance that can either be changed manually or controlled by external factors like Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) or Thermistor.
Fixed Resistors
This type of resistor is used to set the right conditions in an electronic circuit. The values of resistance in fixed resistors are determined during the design phase of the circuit, based on this there is no need to adjust the circuit.
Variable Resistors
A device that is used to change the resistance according to our requirements in an electronic circuit is known as a variable resistor. These resistors comprise a fixed resistor element and a slider that taps on to the resistor element. Variable resistors are commonly used as a three-terminal device for calibration of the device. Please refer to this link to know more Know more about resistors
Capacitors
The second important passive components is a capacitor, a device that stores energy in the form of electric field. Most capacitors consists of two conducting plates that are separated by a dielectric material.
If Q is the charge on any one of the conductor plates and V is the voltage between them, then the Capacitance C of the Capacitor is C = Q/V.
In electronics circuits, a capacitor is mainly used to block DC Current and allow AC Current. The other applications of capacitors are filters, timing circuits, power supplies and energy storing elements.
There are many types of Capacitors like Polarized, Non – Polarized, Ceramic, Film, Electrolytic, Super Capacitors etc.
Read Introduction To Capacitors.
Inductors
If capacitors store energy in the form of electric field, then inductors are devices that store energy in the form of Magnetic Field. Inductor is nothing but a wire that is wound in the form of a coil.
An inductor is also referred to as an AC resistor which stores electrical energy in the form of magnetic energy. It resists the changes in the current and the standard unit of inductance is Henry. The capability of producing magnetic lines is referred to as inductance.
The inductance of the inductor is given as L= (µ.K.N2.S)/I.
Where,
‘L’ is inductance,
‘µ’ is Magnetic permeability,
‘K’ is a magnetic coefficient,
‘S’ is the cross-section area of the coil,
‘N’ is the number of turns of the coils,
And ‘I’ is the length of the coil in the axial direction.
Other passive electronic components include different types of sensors, motors, antennas, memristors, etc. To reducing the complexity of this article few of the passive components are discussed above.
Inductor is widely used in AC equipment like filters, chokes, tuned circuits etc.
The core around which the coil is wound i.e. air, iron, ferrite etc. will determine the strength of the magnetic field. Inductors opposes the change in electric current through them and the changes in current will result in induction of voltage.
More on Inductors. about inductors
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